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chore(nlp-spacy): fix small grammar issues

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nprimo 5 months ago committed by Niccolò Primo
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      subjects/ai/nlp-spacy/README.md

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subjects/ai/nlp-spacy/README.md
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# Natural Language processing with Spacy
Spacy is a natural language processing (NLP) library for Python designed to have fast performance, and with word embedding models built in, it’s perfect for a quick and easy start. I don't need to detail what spaCy does, it is perfectly summarized by spaCy in this article: **spaCy 101: Everything you need to know**.
`spaCy` is a natural language processing (NLP) library for Python designed to have fast performance, and with word embedding models built in, it’s perfect for a quick and easy start. I don't need to detail what spaCy does, it is perfectly summarized by spaCy in this article: **spaCy 101: Everything you need to know**.
Today, we will learn to use a pre-trained embedding to convert a text into a vector to compute similarity between words or sentences. Remember, embeddings translate large sparse vectors into a lower-dimensional space that preserves semantic relationships.
Word embeddings is a technique where individual words of a domain or language are represented as real-valued vectors in a lower dimensional space. The BoW representation's dimension depends on the size of the vocabulary. But it can easily reach 10k words. We will also learn to use NER and Part-of-speech. NER allows to identify and segment the named entities and classify or categorize them under various predefined classes. Part-of-speech is a special label assigned to each token (word) in a text corpus to indicate the part of speech and often also other grammatical categories such as tense, number (plural/singular), case etc.
@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ Word embeddings is a technique where individual words of a domain or language ar
- Python 3.x
- Jupyter or JupyterLab
- Pandas
- Spacy
- spaCy
- Scikit-learn
- Matplotlib
I suggest to use the most recent libraries.
I suggest using the most recent libraries.
### **Resources**
@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ I suggest to use the most recent libraries.
The goal of this exercise is to set up the Python work environment with the required libraries.
**Note:** For each quest, your first exercice will be to set up the virtual environment with the required libraries.
**Note:** For each quest, your first exercise will be to set up the virtual environment with the required libraries.
I recommend to use:
- the **last stable versions** of Python.
- the virtual environment you're the most confortable with. `virtualenv` and `conda` are the most used in Data Science.
- one of the most recents versions of the libraries required
- the virtual environment you're the most comfortable with. `virtualenv` and `conda` are the most used in Data Science.
- one of the most recent versions of the libraries required
1. Create a virtual environment named with a version of Python >= `3.8`, with the following libraries: `pandas`, `jupyter`, `spacy`, `sklearn`, `matplotlib`.
1. Create a virtual environment named with a version of Python >= `3.8`, with the following libraries: `pandas`, `jupyter`, `spaCy`, `sklearn`, `matplotlib`.
---
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ I recommend to use:
# Exercise 1: Embedding 1
The goal of this exercise is to learn to load an embedding on SpaCy.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to load an embedding on `spaCy`.
1. Install and load `en_core_web_sm` version `3.4.0` [embedding](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/tag/en_core_web_sm-3.4.0). Compute the embedding of `car`.
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ The goal of this exercise is to learn to load an embedding on SpaCy.
# Exercise 2: Tokenization
The goal of this exercise is to learn to tokenize a document using Spacy. We did this using NLTK yesterday.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to tokenize a document using `spaCy`. We did this using NLTK yesterday.
1. Tokenize the text below and print the tokens
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The goal of this exercise is to learn to tokenize a document using Spacy. We did
# Exercise 3: Embeddings 2
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use SpaCy embedding on a document.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use `spaCy` embedding on a document.
1. Compute the embedding of all the words in this sentence. The language model considered is `en_core_web_md`
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 t
1. Extract all named entities in the text as well as the label of the named entity.
2. The NER is also useful to remove ambigous entities. From a conceptual standpoint, disambiguation is the process of determining the most probable meaning of a specific phrase. For example in the sentence below, the word `apple` is present twice in the sentence. The first time to mention the fruit and the second to mention a company. Run the NER on this sentence and print the named entity, the `start_char`, the `end_char` and the label of the named entity.
2. The NER is also useful to remove ambiguous entities. From a conceptual standpoint, disambiguation is the process of determining the most probable meaning of a specific phrase. For example in the sentence below, the word `apple` is present twice in the sentence. The first time to mention the fruit and the second to mention a company. Run the NER on this sentence and print the named entity, the `start_char`, the `end_char` and the label of the named entity.
```
Paul eats an apple while watching a movie on his Apple device.
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named-entity_recognition
# Exercise 6: Part-of-speech tags
The goal od this exercise is to learn to use the Part-of-speech tags (**POS TAG**) using Spacy. As explained in wikipedia, the POS TAG is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use the Part-of-speech tags (**POS TAG**) using `spaCy`. As explained on Wikipedia, the POS TAG is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
Example
@ -157,6 +157,6 @@ The sentence: **"Heat water in a large vessel"** is tagged this way after the PO
- large adj (noun)
- vessel noun
The data `news_amazon.txt` used is a news paper about Amazon.
The data `news_amazon.txt` used is a newspaper about Amazon.
1. Return all sentences mentioning **Bezos** as a NNP (tag).

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