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      one_md_per_day_format/piscine/Week1/day3.md

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@ -1,45 +1,42 @@
# D03 Piscine AI - Data Science
Author:
# D03 Piscine AI - Data Science
Author:
# Introduction
While working on a dataset it is important to check the distribution of the data. Obviously, for most of humans it is difficult to visualize the data in more than 3 dimensions
Viz is important to understand the data and to show results. We have already seen there are some basinc viz functionalities in Pandas.
Now we'll discover two of the most know viz libraries in Python:
Viz is important to understand the data and to show results. We have already seen there are some basinc viz functionalities in Pandas.
Now we'll discover two of the most know viz libraries in Python:
- Pandas viz
- Matplotlib
- Plotly
Pandas viz is pratique: rapid plot, relies on Matplotlib. (check matplotlib doc sometimes not all params are detailed in pandas doc)
For more elaborate plots Matplotlib is necessary
For more elaborate plots Matplotlib is necessary
And finaly Plotly is a interactive plot library.
And finaly Plotly is a interactive plot library.s
## Rules
Always a title, legend, ...
## Ressources
Always a title, legend, ...s
## Ressources
s
https://matplotlib.org/3.3.3/tutorials/index.html
https://towardsdatascience.com/matplotlib-tutorial-learn-basics-of-pythons-powerful-plotting-library-b5d1b8f67596
https://github.com/rougier/matplotlib-tutorial
https://jakevdp.github.io/PythonDataScienceHandbook/05.13-kernel-density-estimation.html
# Exercise 1 Pandas plot 1
The goal of this exercise is to learn to create plots with use Pandas. Panda's `.plot()` is a wrapper for `matplotlib.pyplot.plot()`.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to create plots with use Pandas. Panda's `.plot()` is a wrapper for `matplotlib.pyplot.plot()`.
Here is the data we will be using:
Here is the data we will be using:
```
```python
df = pd.DataFrame({
'name':['christopher','marion','maria','mia','clement','randy','remi'],
'age':[70,30,22,19,45,33,20],
@ -49,32 +46,32 @@ Here is the data we will be using:
'num_pets':[5,1,0,5,2,2,3]
})
```
1. Reproduce this plot. This plot is called a bar plot
1. Reproduce this plot. This plot is called a bar plot
![alt text][logo]
[logo]: images/day03/w1day03_ex1_plot1.png "Bar plot ex1"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- name on x-axis
- name on x-axis
- legend
## Correction
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image. It has to contain a title, an x-axis name and a legend.
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image. It has to contain a title, an x-axis name and a legend.
![alt text][logo]
[logo]: images/day03/w1day03_ex1_plot1.png "Bar plot ex1"
## Exercise 2: Pandas plot 2
The goal of this exercise is to learn to create plots with use Pandas. Panda's `.plot()` is a wrapper for `matplotlib.pyplot.plot()`.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to create plots with use Pandas. Panda's `.plot()` is a wrapper for `matplotlib.pyplot.plot()`.
```
```python
df = pd.DataFrame({
'name':['christopher','marion','maria','mia','clement','randy','remi'],
'age':[70,30,22,19,45,33,20],
@ -85,16 +82,17 @@ The goal of this exercise is to learn to create plots with use Pandas. Panda's `
})
```
1. Reproduce this plot. This plot is called a scatter plot. Do you observe a relationship between the age and the number of children ?
1. Reproduce this plot. This plot is called a scatter plot. Do you observe a relationship between the age and the number of children ?
![alt text][logo_ex2]
[logo_ex2]: images/day03/w1day03_ex2_plot1.png "Scatter plot ex2"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- name on x-axis
- name on y-axis
- name on x-axis
- name on y-axis
## Correction
@ -105,81 +103,77 @@ You should also observe that the older people are the bigger the number of chil
[logo_ex2]: images/day03/w1day03_ex2_plot1.png "Scatter plot ex2"
## Exercise 3 Matplotlib 1
The goal of this plot is to learn to use Matplotlib to plot data. As you know, Matplotlib is the underlying library used by Pandas. It provides more options to plot custom visualizations. Howerver, most of the plots we will create with Matplotlib can be reproduced with Pandas' `.plot()`.
The goal of this plot is to learn to use Matplotlib to plot data. As you know, Matplotlib is the underlying library used by Pandas. It provides more options to plot custom visualizations. Howerver, most of the plots we will create with Matplotlib can be reproduced with Pandas' `.plot()`.
1. Reproduce this plot. We assume the datapoints have integers coordinates.
1. Reproduce this plot. We assume the data points have integers coordinates.
![alt text][logo_ex3]
[logo_ex3]: images/day03/w1day03_ex3_plot1.png "Scatter plot ex3"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- name on x-axis and y-axis
- x-axis and y-axis are limited to [1,8]
- **style**:
- red dashdot line with a width of 3
- blue circles with a size of 12
- **style**:
- red dashdot line with a width of 3
- blue circles with a size of 12
## Correction
## Correction
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image and respect those criterias
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image and respect those criteria
- the title
- name on x-axis and y-axis
- x-axis and y-axis are limited to [1,8]
- **style**:
- red dashdot line with a width of 3
- blue circles with a size of 12
- the title
- name on x-axis and y-axis
- x-axis and y-axis are limited to [1,8]
- **style**:
- red dashdot line with a width of 3
- blue circles with a size of 12
![alt text][logo_ex3]
[logo_ex3]: images/day03/w1day03_ex3_plot1.png "Scatter plot ex3"
# Exercise 4 Matplotlib 2
The goal of this plot is to learn to use Matplotlib to plot different lines in the same plot on different axis using `twinx`. This very useful to compare variables in different ranges.
Here is the data:
The goal of this plot is to learn to use Matplotlib to plot different lines in the same plot on different axis using `twinx`. This very useful to compare variables in different ranges.
```
Here is the data:
```python
left_data = [5, 7, 11, 13, 17]
right_data = [0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, -1.6]
x_axis = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]
```
1. Reproduce this plot
![alt text][logo_ex4]
[logo_ex4]: images/day03/w1day03_ex4_plot1.png "Twin axis plot ex4"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- name on left y-axis and right y-axis
- **style**:
- left data in black
- right data in red
- **style**:
- left data in black
- right data in red
## Correction
## Correction
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image and respect those criterias
1. This question is validated if the plot reproduces the plot in the image and respect those criteria
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- name on left y-axis and right y-axis
- **style**:
- left data in black
- right data in red
- the title
- name on left y-axis and right y-axis
- **style**:
- left data in black
- right data in red
![alt text][logo_ex4]
@ -188,52 +182,54 @@ The plot has to contain:
https://matplotlib.org/gallery/api/two_scales.html
# Exercise 5 Matplotlib subplots
The goal of this exerice is to learn to use Matplotlib to create subplots.
1. Reproduce this plot using a **for loop**:
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use Matplotlib to create subplots.
1. Reproduce this plot using a **for loop**:
![alt text][logo_ex5]
[logo_ex5]: images/day03/w1day03_ex5_plot1.png "Subplots ex5"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- 6 subplots: 2 rows, 3 columns
- Keep space between plots: `hspace=0.5` and `wspace=0.5`
- Each plot contains
- Text (2,3,i) centered at 0.5, 0.5. *Hint*: check the parameter `ha` of `text`
- a title: Title i
- a title: Title i
## Correction
1. The question is validated if the plot reproduces the image and the given criterias:
1. The question is validated if the plot reproduces the image and the given criteria:
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- 6 subplots: 2 rows, 3 columns
- Keep space between plots: `hspace=0.5` and `wspace=0.5`
- Each plot contains
- Text (2,3,i) centered at 0.5, 0.5. *Hint*: check the parameter `ha` of `text`
- a title: Title i
- a title: Title i
![alt text][logo_ex5]
[logo_ex5]: images/day03/w1day03_ex5_plot1.png "Subplots ex5"
Check that the plot has been created with a for loop.
Check that the plot has been created with a for loop.
# Exercise 6 Plotly 1
Plotly has evolved a lot in the previous years. It is important to **always check the documentation**.
Plotly comes with a high level interface: Plotly Express. It helps building some complex plots easily. The lesson won't detail the complex examples. Plotly express is quite interesting while using Pandas Dataframes because there are some built-in functions that leverage Pandas Dataframes.
Plotly has evolved a lot in the previous years. It is important to **always check the documentation**.
The plot outputed by Plotly is interactive and can also be dynamic.
Plotly comes with a high level interface: Plotly Express. It helps building some complex plots easily. The lesson won't detail the complex examples. Plotly express is quite interesting while using Pandas Dataframes because there are some built-in functions that leverage Pandas Dataframes.
The goal of the exercise is to plot the price of a company. Its price is generated below.
The plot outputed by Plotly is interactive and can also be dynamic.
```
The goal of the exercise is to plot the price of a company. Its price is generated below.
```python
returns = np.random.randn(50)
price = 100 + np.cumsum(returns)
@ -242,41 +238,41 @@ df = pd.DataFrame(zip(dates, price),
columns=['Date','Company_A'])
```
1. Using Plotly express, reproduce the plot in the image. As the data is generated randomly I do not expect you to reproduce the same line.
1. Using Plotly express, reproduce the plot in the image. As the data is generated randomly I do not expect you to reproduce the same line.
![alt text][logo_ex6]
[logo_ex6]: images/day03/w1day03_ex6_plot1.png "Time series ex6"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- title
- title
- x-axis name
- yaxis name
2. Same question but now using `plotly.graph_objects`. You may need to use `init_notebook_mode` from `plotly.offline`.
2. Same question but now using `plotly.graph_objects`. You may need to use `init_notebook_mode` from `plotly.offline`.
https://plotly.com/python/time-series/e
## Correction
1. This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced using Plotly express given those criterias:
1. This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced using Plotly express given those criteria:
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- a title
- a title
- x-axis name
- yaxis name
![alt text][logo_ex6]
[logo_ex6]: images/day03/w1day03_ex6_plot1.png "Time series ex6"
2. This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced using `plotly.graph_objects` given those criterias:
2.This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced using `plotly.graph_objects` given those criteria:
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- a title
- a title
- x-axis name
- yaxis name
@ -286,32 +282,34 @@ The plot has to contain:
# Exercise 7 Plotly Box plots
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use Plotly to plot Box Plots. It is t is a method for graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles and values as min, max. It allows to compare quickly some variables.
The goal of this exercise is to learn to use Plotly to plot Box Plots. It is t is a method for graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles and values as min, max. It allows to compare quickly some variables.
Let us generate 3 random arrays from a normal distribution. And for each array add respectively 1, 2 to the normal distribution.
Let us generate 3 random arrays from a normal distribution. And for each array add respectively 1, 2 to the normal distribution.
```
```python
y0 = np.random.randn(50)
y1 = np.random.randn(50) + 1 # shift mean
y2 = np.random.randn(50) + 2
```
1. Plot in the same Figure 2 box plots as shown in the image. In this exercise the style is not important.
1. Plot in the same Figure 2 box plots as shown in the image. In this exercise the style is not important.
![alt text][logo_ex7]
[logo_ex7]: images/day03/w1day03_ex7_plot1.png "Box plot ex7"
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- the legend
https://plotly.com/python/box-plots/
## Correction
## Correction
1. This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced given those criterias:
1. This question is validated if the plot is in the image is reproduced given those criteria:
The plot has to contain:
The plot has to contain:
- the title
- the legend
@ -320,20 +318,19 @@ The plot has to contain:
[logo_ex7]: images/day03/w1day03_ex7_plot1.png "Box plot ex7"
```python
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
```
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
y0 = np.random.randn(50)
y1 = np.random.randn(50) + 1 # shift mean
y2 = np.random.randn(50) + 2
y0 = np.random.randn(50)
y1 = np.random.randn(50) + 1 # shift mean
y2 = np.random.randn(50) + 2
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y0, name='Sample A',
marker_color = 'indianred'))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y1, name = 'Sample B',
marker_color = 'lightseagreen'))
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y0, name='Sample A',
marker_color = 'indianred'))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y1, name = 'Sample B',
marker_color = 'lightseagreen'))
fig.show()
```
fig.show()
```

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